1. 형식

[PGPASSWORD=_비밀번호_]
psql \\
-h **_호스트_** \\
-p **_포트_**   \\
-d **_DB_**     \\
-U **_사용자_** \\
-c "실행할 쿼리"

2. 예시

# 로컬호스트 연결
psql -U postgres

# 로컬호스트 쿼리 실행
psql -U root -d root -c "SELECT 1"

# 복합

# 호스트
# - [1] 로컬 컴퓨터의 호스트(Windows)
# - [2] [1]에서 도커로 올린 컨테이너 Postgresql
# - [3] 리모트 호스트의 Postgresql (RDS)

# 목표
# - [1]에 있는 csv 파일을 [3]의 테이블로 전송

# 방법
# - [3]을 [1]에 로컬 포워딩(:9432), [2]에서 [1]에 접근하여 결과적으로 [3]에 연결
# - [1]-[2]의 볼륨을 바인딩하여 [1]에 있는 csv 파일을 [3]에 \\copy를 통해 전송

PGPASSWORD=password \\
psql \\
-h host.docker.internal \\
-p 9432 \\
-d db_name \\
-U user_name -c \\
"\\copy schema_name.table_name from STDIN 
WITH DELIMITER E'\\t' ENCODING 'UTF8'"\\ < /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/__data__.csv

Windows Docker 명령어 예시

docker run ^
-p 15432:5432 ^
--name "pg-15_2-15432" ^
-e POSTGRES_USER=root ^
-e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=1234 ^
-v C:/docker-volumes/pg-15_2:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d ^
-d postgres:15.2

참고

Usage:
  psql [OPTION]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]

General options:
  -c, --command=COMMAND    run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit
  -d, --dbname=DBNAME      database name to connect to (default: "root")
  -f, --file=FILENAME      execute commands from file, then exit
  -l, --list               list available databases, then exit
  -v, --set=, --variable=NAME=VALUE
                           set psql variable NAME to VALUE
                           (e.g., -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1)
  -V, --version            output version information, then exit
  -X, --no-psqlrc          do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)
  -1 ("one"), --single-transaction
                           execute as a single transaction (if non-interactive)
  -?, --help[=options]     show this help, then exit
      --help=commands      list backslash commands, then exit
      --help=variables     list special variables, then exit

Input and output options:
  -a, --echo-all           echo all input from script
  -b, --echo-errors        echo failed commands
  -e, --echo-queries       echo commands sent to server
  -E, --echo-hidden        display queries that internal commands generate
  -L, --log-file=FILENAME  send session log to file
  -n, --no-readline        disable enhanced command line editing (readline)
  -o, --output=FILENAME    send query results to file (or |pipe)
  -q, --quiet              run quietly (no messages, only query output)
  -s, --single-step        single-step mode (confirm each query)
  -S, --single-line        single-line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)

Output format options:
  -A, --no-align           unaligned table output mode
      --csv                CSV (Comma-Separated Values) table output mode
  -F, --field-separator=STRING
                           field separator for unaligned output (default: "|")
  -H, --html               HTML table output mode
  -P, --pset=VAR[=ARG]     set printing option VAR to ARG (see \\pset command)
  -R, --record-separator=STRING
                           record separator for unaligned output (default: newline)
  -t, --tuples-only        print rows only
  -T, --table-attr=TEXT    set HTML table tag attributes (e.g., width, border)
  -x, --expanded           turn on expanded table output
  -z, --field-separator-zero
                           set field separator for unaligned output to zero byte
  -0, --record-separator-zero
                           set record separator for unaligned output to zero byte

Connection options:
  -h, --host=HOSTNAME      database server host or socket directory (default: "local socket")
  -p, --port=PORT          database server port (default: "5432")
  -U, --username=USERNAME  database user name (default: "root")
  -w, --no-password        never prompt for password
  -W, --password           force password prompt (should happen automatically)